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Calculating Selling Price from Cost and Markup
A product costs $20 and you want a 50% markup. What should the selling price be?
Input:
Cost: $20.00
Markup: 50%
Formula: Selling price = Cost × (1 + Markup%)
= $20.00 × (1 + 0.50)
= $20.00 × 1.50
= $30.00
Result:
Selling price: $30.00
Profit: $10.00
Profit margin: 33.33% (profit / selling price)
Calculating Markup from Cost and Selling Price
A product costs $15 and sells for $25. What is the markup percentage?
Input:
Cost: $15.00
Selling price: $25.00
Formula: Markup% = (Selling price - Cost) / Cost × 100
= ($25.00 - $15.00) / $15.00 × 100
= $10.00 / $15.00 × 100
= 66.67%
Result:
Markup: 66.67%
Profit: $10.00
Profit margin: 40.00% (profit / selling price)
Markup vs Margin — The Key Difference
The same product showing both calculations side by side:
Product cost: $10.00
50% MARKUP:
Selling price = $10 × 1.50 = $15.00
Profit = $5.00
Margin = $5/$15 = 33.33%
50% MARGIN:
Selling price = $10 / (1 - 0.50) = $20.00
Profit = $10.00
Markup = $10/$10 = 100%
Key insight:
50% markup ≠ 50% margin
To achieve 50% margin, you need 100% markup
Confusing these costs $5 per unit in lost profit
Retail Clothing Markup
A clothing retailer buys a shirt for $12 wholesale and wants a 150% markup:
Input:
Cost: $12.00
Markup: 150%
Selling price = $12.00 × (1 + 1.50) = $12.00 × 2.50 = $30.00
Result:
Selling price: $30.00
Profit: $18.00
Profit margin: 60%
Industry context:
Clothing retail typically uses 100-300% markup.
150% markup is within normal range for mid-market retail.
Restaurant Food Cost Markup
A restaurant dish has a food cost of $4.50 and the restaurant uses a 300% markup:
Input:
Food cost: $4.50
Markup: 300%
Selling price = $4.50 × (1 + 3.00) = $4.50 × 4.00 = $18.00
Result:
Menu price: $18.00
Food profit: $13.50
Food margin: 75%
Note: The 75% food margin must cover labor, overhead,
rent, and other costs. Net restaurant margin is typically
3-9% after all expenses.
Wholesale to Retail Pricing Chain
A product moves through multiple markup stages from manufacturer to consumer:
Manufacturing cost: $5.00
Stage 1 — Manufacturer to Distributor (40% markup):
Distributor cost = $5.00 × 1.40 = $7.00
Stage 2 — Distributor to Retailer (50% markup):
Retailer cost = $7.00 × 1.50 = $10.50
Stage 3 — Retailer to Consumer (100% markup):
Consumer price = $10.50 × 2.00 = $21.00
Summary:
Manufacturing cost: $5.00
Consumer price: $21.00
Total markup: 320%
Consumer pays 4.2× the manufacturing cost
Discount Impact on Markup
A product with 100% markup is offered at a 30% discount. What markup remains?
Original pricing:
Cost: $20.00
Markup: 100%
Selling price: $40.00
Profit: $20.00
After 30% discount:
Discounted price = $40.00 × (1 - 0.30) = $28.00
Profit = $28.00 - $20.00 = $8.00
Remaining markup = $8.00 / $20.00 = 40%
Minimum discount to break even:
Break-even price = cost = $20.00
Maximum discount = ($40 - $20) / $40 = 50%
Any discount above 50% results in a loss.
Calculating Cost from Selling Price and Markup
A competitor sells a product for $45 with an estimated 80% markup. What is their cost?
Input:
Selling price: $45.00
Markup: 80%
Formula: Cost = Selling price / (1 + Markup%)
= $45.00 / (1 + 0.80)
= $45.00 / 1.80
= $25.00
Estimated competitor cost: $25.00
Estimated competitor profit: $20.00
Use this to benchmark your own costs and identify
whether you can compete on price profitably.
Psychological Pricing with Markup
Calculate markup to hit a psychological price point:
Product cost: $22.00
Target price: $49.99 (psychological price point)
Markup = ($49.99 - $22.00) / $22.00 × 100
= $27.99 / $22.00 × 100
= 127.2%
Profit margin = $27.99 / $49.99 = 56.0%
Compare to round number pricing:
$50.00 price → 127.3% markup, 56.0% margin
$49.99 price → 127.2% markup, 56.0% margin
The $0.01 difference in price has negligible impact on
margin but can significantly affect perceived value.