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IPv4 Address Structure

An IPv4 address is a 32-bit number written as four decimal octets separated by dots (e.g., 192.168.1.1). Each octet ranges from 0 to 255. The address space is divided into network and host portions by a subnet mask. Not all addresses are valid for public internet use — several ranges are reserved.

Reserved IPv4 Ranges

RangePurpose
10.0.0.0/8Private network (Class A)
172.16.0.0/12Private network (Class B)
192.168.0.0/16Private network (Class C)
127.0.0.0/8Loopback (localhost)
169.254.0.0/16Link-local (APIPA)
224.0.0.0/4Multicast
255.255.255.255Broadcast

Generating Random IPs in JavaScript

JavaScript
function randomIPv4() {
  return Array.from({length: 4}, () => Math.floor(Math.random() * 256)).join('.');
}

function randomPublicIPv4() {
  const RESERVED = [
    [10,10], [127,127], [169,169], [172,172],
    [192,192], [224,239], [240,255]
  ];
  let ip;
  do {
    const octets = Array.from({length: 4}, () => Math.floor(Math.random() * 256));
    ip = octets;
  } while (RESERVED.some(([lo, hi]) => ip[0] >= lo && ip[0] <= hi));
  return ip.join('.');
}

// Generate 10 random public IPs
for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
  console.log(randomPublicIPv4());
}

IPv6 Address Format

IPv6 addresses are 128-bit numbers written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334). Leading zeros in each group can be omitted, and one consecutive sequence of all-zero groups can be replaced with ::.

Frequently Asked Questions

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