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MAC Address Structure Reference
- Length: 48 bits (6 bytes / octets)
- OUI (first 3 octets): Organizationally Unique Identifier — assigned to manufacturers
- NIC (last 3 octets): Network Interface Controller — assigned by manufacturer
- Bit 0 of first octet: 0 = unicast, 1 = multicast
- Bit 1 of first octet: 0 = globally unique (OUI enforced), 1 = locally administered
- Broadcast: FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF (all bits set)
- For testing: Always use locally administered addresses (bit 1 = 1) to avoid conflicts
Examples
Example 1: Locally Administered Addresses (Recommended for Testing)
Locally administered addresses (safe for any network):
02:4A:8B:C3:D1:E5
06:1F:3C:7A:B2:D4
0A:5E:2D:9F:C8:31
0E:72:4B:A6:18:5C
How to identify locally administered addresses:
First octet in binary: xxxxxxx1 (bit 1 set)
First octet in binary: xxxxxx1x (bit 2 set = locally administered)
02 = 0000 0010 → bit 1 = 0 (unicast), bit 2 = 1 (locally administered) ✓
06 = 0000 0110 → bit 1 = 0 (unicast), bit 2 = 1 (locally administered) ✓
These addresses are guaranteed not to conflict with
real hardware addresses on your network.
Example 2: Vendor-Specific MAC Addresses
Cisco Systems (OUI: 00:00:0C):
00:00:0C:A1:B2:C3
00:00:0C:D4:E5:F6
Apple Inc. (OUI: 00:17:F2):
00:17:F2:12:34:56
00:17:F2:AB:CD:EF
Intel Corporation (OUI: 00:1B:21):
00:1B:21:78:9A:BC
00:1B:21:DE:F0:12
Samsung Electronics (OUI: 00:07:AB):
00:07:AB:34:56:78
00:07:AB:9A:BC:DE
Use case: Testing network monitoring tools that display
vendor information based on MAC address OUI prefix.
Example 3: MAC Address Formats
Same address in different formats:
Colon-separated (Linux/macOS standard):
02:4A:8B:C3:D1:E5
Hyphen-separated (Windows standard):
02-4A-8B-C3-D1-E5
Cisco dot-separated:
024A.8BC3.D1E5
Unseparated hex (for database storage):
024A8BC3D1E5
Uppercase:
02:4A:8B:C3:D1:E5
Lowercase:
02:4a:8b:c3:d1:e5